Mamie Phipps Clark Essay - 922 Words

Mamie Phipps Clark Mamie Phipps Clark started her college career in 1934. She began going to college at Howard University as a math major which she graduated magna cum laude in 1938 but when she went back she changed her major to psychology after her husband Kenneth Clark persuaded her to do so. He told her that there would not be that many job opportunities for her and thought it would be better if she got a degree in psychology. When she entered the master’s program, she started on her thesis titled â€Å"The Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-school Children†, which was the start of her research about the negativity of segregation. This research was used to determine that segregation was unconstitutional. The conclusion her thesis stated†¦show more content†¦Her and her husband were also involved in the Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka because of their expertise with African American children influenced the case to end segregation in schools. After the Supreme Court heard these findings and were very impressed he awarded Clark and her husband with the Nicholas Murray Butler Silver Medal. After a decade being out of school, she decided to go back to school and get her P.H. d. in psychology. Clark became the first African American woman to graduate from Columbia University with a P.H. d in psychology and her husband was the first African American to graduate from Columbia University with a doctorate. She soon found how hard it was for an African American woman with a doctorate in psychology was to get a job. Clark stated about getting a job, Although my husband had earlier secured a teaching position at the City College of New York, following my graduation it soon became apparent to me that an African American female with a Ph.D. in psychology was an unwanted anomaly in New York City in the early 1940s. (Kerera, 2010) She finally found a job at Riversdale Home for Children in New York. She counselled and performd psychological test on African Americans girls. After Clark started working thereShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Brief Biography of Mamie Phipps Clark1185 Words   |  5 Pages Mamie Phipps Clark was born on April 18, 1917 in Hot Spring, Arkansas. Mrs. Clark was brought up knowing a professional lifestyle. Her father Harold H. Phipps was an African American, who was a physician and was more than able to support his family of four rather easily. Her mother Katy Florence Phipps, was a homemaker who was very involved in her husbands medical practice. Mamie had explained that being an African American in the early 1930’s and living in the South was far from easy, even forRead MoreThe Psychological Identity Of Black Children During The Historic Brown Vs. The Board Of Education Of Topeka1871 Words   |  8 Pages Mamie P. Kenneth B. Clark Allison Taylor EDG 6627: Foundations of Curriculum Instruction Dr. Agosto September 19, 2015 Mamie P. Kenneth B. Clark Biographical Information Mamie Phipps and Kenneth Bancroft Clark are best known for their â€Å"doll studies,† and the use of their findings regarding the effects of racism on the psychological identity of black children in the historic Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas case, which lead to the determination thatRead MoreThe Black Doll Test Was First Performed In The 1940S By983 Words   |  4 PagesThe black doll test was first performed in the 1940s by Drs. Kenneth Bancroft and Mamie Phipp Clark. The test consisted of selecting random Afro-American girls and giving them a white and a black doll with the purpose of identifying each one as either the good or the bad doll. The result was that every girl chose the black doll as the bad one and the white doll as the nice and good doll. The article, Black doll collection goes on display in South Florida, by Cynthia Roby, describes the remake ofRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education Of Topeka1634 Words   |  7 PagesGunnar Myrdal s An Amer ican Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (1944).[3] Myrdal had been a signatory of the UNESCO declaration. The research performed by the educational psychologists Kenneth B. Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark also influenced the Court s decision.[4] The Clarks doll test studies presented substantial arguments to the Supreme Court about how segregation had an impact on black schoolchildren s mental status.[5] The United States and the Soviet Union were both at theRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education Paper2395 Words   |  10 Pagescited was Gunnar Myrdals An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (1944). Myrdal had been a signatory of the UNESCO declaration. The research performed by the educational psychologists Kenneth B. Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark also influenced the Courts decision. The Clarks doll test studies presented substantial arguments to the Supreme Court about how segregation had an impact on black schoolchildrens mental status. In 1951, a class action suit was filed against the BoardRead MoreIntro to Psychology: Chapter Notes 1- 54753 Words   |  20 Pagesmaking * Existentialism stresses free choice and personal responsibility. * Carl Rogers * Abraham Maslow * Diversity within psychology (The Sociocultural perspective) * Ethnicity * Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark * Jorge Sanchez * Lilian Comes Diaz * Richard Suinn * Gender * Mary whitun calkins: first female president of american psychological association * Mary salter Ainsworth: attachment

Weaknesses of Esther and Plath Exposed in Sylvia Plaths...

Weaknesses of Esther and Plath Exposed in The Bell Jar The glass of which a bell jar is constructed is thick and suffocating, intending to preserve its ornamental contents but instead traps in it stale air. The thickness of the bell jar glass prevents the prisoner from clearly seeing through distortion. Sylvia Plath writes with extreme conviction, as The Bell Jar is essentially her autobiography. The fitting title symbolizes not only her suffocation and mental illness, but also the internal struggle of Plaths alter ego and novel protagonist Esther Greenwood. The novel illustrates the theme confinement by highlighting the weaknesses of both Esther and Plath. Esthers first statement, It was a queer,†¦show more content†¦In any case, the statement makes Esthers plight against pressure almost admirable and her willingness to be destroyed rather than limit herself almost heroic. The lines seem almost a mantra for women setting their own standards, challenging societys norms, and virtually breaking free of stereotypical confinement. Indeed, when considered presently, Plath is ahead of her time in suggesting that women need not choose but one fig; that is, one path to follow. Confinement is present most prominently with the bell jar when Esther is stewing in [my] on sour air (185). The stale air chokes her spirit and in effect suffocates her ability to see clearly, not unlike the way entrapment between branches of a tree inhibits vision. One should note that the instances that highlight confinement are allegorical, therefore demonstrating Esthers sense of confinement as largely mental and the most obvious manifestation of her mental illness. The reader is all but assured that Esther has been saved and will go on to choose at least one of many. One fig was a husband, and a happy home and children (77) which she often counters by claiming I never want to get married. (83) and children make me sick (117). Yet, according to the first chapter, she does follow that path and, at least, has a life that contains a baby. Despite her initial feelings, Esther has been bred for the eventual role of

The Scarlet Letter Sins Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter Sins Essay The Four Sins in The Scarlet Letter Sin is a word that is definetely not universally defined. Sin is relative to a persons religion, or lack there of. Sin also provokes punishment, be direct (by law) or by a moral lesson. Severity in punishment is also conditional to the society in which the sin is commited. In Puritan society, much like that of TSL, sins are serious and punishment is very severe as compared with our modern standards. Nethaniel Hawthorne, the author of TSL, was very immersed in the concept of sin. He broke sin down into four categories. These categories where as follows: Secret sin, unforgiving sin, generational sin, and the worst sin being psychological manipulation. Hawthorne clearly expresses the sins in TSL and one would be ignorant not to notice them due to the books allegorical repetition. Each sin defined by Hawthorne has at least one example for itself in the book. No one alive has not kept a secret from someone before. Some secrets are harmless, such as a surprise birthday present or gift. But some truths need to be identified to a person, even if they are harmful to the person keeping the secret. In TSL, Hester Prynne cannot keep the fact of her unfaithfulness to her husband from everyone else. At this point her husband is away, and has been for some time now. During this time away Hester became pregnant. Now for Hester to be pregnant with her husbands child was an impossibility due to the time he had been away, so everyone knew that she had cheated on him. But no one knew who she had cheated with. Only Reverend Dimmsdale did, and that was because he was that man. Dimmsdale knew that he was the father of Pearl, Hesters daughter. Dimmsdale suffered enormus psychological and physical torment as he held the fact of his sin inside of himself. Dimmsdale, in fact, interrogated Hester while she was on the scaffold and asked here who the father was, because he wanted someone else to take the burden of a secret so large off him, he could not confess. So he lived on and became weaker and weaker. Dimmsdale was a weak man. Time and time again he attempted to confess his sin but he failed every time. Only on his death bed was his sin of secrecy lifted. One with the last name of Dahmer or Manson would more than likely be given a strange stare by one who did not know him, this situation best represents generational sin. Sin that passed on through the test of time must first be notoriously known and second be apparent. Generational sin is evidenced in TSL by Pearl. Since Pearl is the product of Hester Prynnes loathsome sin, the mere creation of her life was wrong. She was, for lack of a better term, an accident. Pearl was undoubtedly discriminated from the beginning and, as she grew up, her red dress and saucy behavior made her yet more notorious.

The Chrysalids Essay Example For Students

The Chrysalids Essay The title of John Wyndhams famous book, The Chrysalids, is somewhat mysterious and ambiguous. The word chrysalid is derived from chrysalis, the stage which the larvae of moths and butterflies pass through before they become adults. It is a stage in which the insect appears dormant and unmoving, but changes are taking place inside which enable it to emerge from the chrysalis as a more advance form of life. John Wyndham chose the title The Chrysalid because of the human life and survival many centuries after the all out nuclear war or Tribulation had occurred, which in many ways relates to the butterfly life-cycle. We will write a custom essay on The Chrysalids specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These cycles are the eggs, caterpillar, chrysalis, and the butterfly, and they symbolize a time or characters in the novel. Although at no point in the book was there any reference to a chrysalid, but if think thoroughly, the reasons for the naming of the novel can be understood. The first stage of a butterflys life-cycle, the egg, represents a new life, the beginning of a cycle. In the novel, the wonderful world that the Old People had lived in, the one before God sent before Tribulation was destroyed by most likely a Nuclear War. The egg symbolizes the reemergence of life on Earth or in Waknuk after the Nuclear War, or Tribulation, had occurred. It may also mean the rising of the Waknuk Society, raised by Elias Strorm. The second stage, the caterpillar stage, represents a confined life, as the larvae do not act individually. If the caterpillars do not complete the butterflys life-cycle, they will eventually die. They symbolize the people of Waknuk, who fear changes, resulting in their eventual death and extinction. They live a confined life in belief of God, and fearing what He could do if they let Deviations grow and stay among their community. On the other hand, the Sealand society could also be described as in a caterpillar stage. Because when larvae are in caterpillar stage, they have no protection from attacks by a higher level insect or animal in the food chain which will result in deaths, just as the eventual death of the Sealand society that the Sealand woman described. The Third stage, the stage of the chrysalis, represents the time of change which cannot be seen, because changes are hidden behind an oval structure constructed by the caterpillar until the chrysalis hatches. Here the word chrysalis refers to David and the others in the group that have abilities to telepath, but the changes from mental normality to being able to communicate by thought-shapes pictures is not visible. The telepath group could also be seen as the intermediate stage between the people of Waknuk whose fear of the pat has led to primitive, non-developing society and the people of Sealand, who have progressed. The fourth and last stage, the butterfly, represents freedom, because it is able to fly, to see large areas from the sky, and is beautiful. In the book the butterfly symbolizes the people of Sealand, because they are free; free from fear, ignorance. It Also symbolizes the butterfly is the face that they are beautiful, both mentally and physically, untouched by fanatical killing or sterilization of people who are different. The group, David, Rosalind and Petra in their escape to Sealand, are like insects leaving behind their crawling caterpillar, existence to emerge from their chrysalis as, beautiful, and free-flying butterflies. The Chrysalids symbolizes the change in human nature, and human survival techniques. As with the Chrysalis, the changes are mostly obscure, but repressed because of the fear of the consequence of discovery. Therefore The Chrysalids is definitely an appropriate and great title for the book because it fits perfectly together with its plot and theme.